What is HPV?
HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. There are over 200 types of HPV, with some causing genital warts and others linked to cervical, throat, and other cancers.
Key Facts About HPV:
80% of sexually active people will get HPV at some point in their lives.
Most HPV infections clear on their own within 1–2 years.
Some high-risk HPV strains can lead to cancer if untreated.
How is HPV Transmitted?
HPV spreads through:
Skin-to-skin contact (vaginal, anal, or oral sex).
Non-sexual contact (rarely, from mother to baby during childbirth).
Shared objects (e.g., towels or razors, though less common).
Symptoms of HPV
Many people with HPV have no symptoms, making it easy to spread unknowingly. When symptoms appear, they may include:
1. Genital Warts
Flesh-colored or gray growths on the genitals, anus, or throat.
Can be small or large, flat or raised, single or clustered.
2. Cancer-Causing HPV (No Visible Symptoms)
High-risk HPV types (16 & 18) cause 70% of cervical cancers.
Can also lead to vaginal, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal (throat) cancers.
HPV-Related Cancers: Early Warning Signs
Cervical cancer: Abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain, unusual discharge.
Throat cancer: Persistent sore throat, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness.
Anal cancer: Bleeding, pain, itching, or lumps near the anus.
Prevention: How to Protect Yourself
1. HPV Vaccination
Recommended for ages 9–45 (both males and females).
Vaccines available: Gardasil-9 (protects against 9 HPV types).
Best if given before sexual activity begins (most effective in early teens).
2. Safe Sex Practices
Use condoms (though they don’t fully protect against HPV).
Limit sexual partners.
3. Regular Screenings
Pap smears (for women): Detect cervical cell changes before cancer develops.
HPV DNA tests: Identify high-risk HPV strains.
HPV Treatment Options
No cure for HPV itself, but treatments manage symptoms:
Genital warts: Creams (Imiquimod), freezing (cryotherapy), laser removal.
Precancerous cells: Removal via LEEP procedure or surgery.
HPV-related cancers: Chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery.
Debunking HPV Myths
❌ Myth: Only women get HPV.
✅ Fact: Men get HPV too and can develop cancers (penile, throat).
❌ Myth: HPV always shows symptoms.
✅ Fact: Most infections are asymptomatic but still transmissible.
❌ Myth: If you’re older, you don’t need the HPV vaccine.
✅ Fact: Vaccination is beneficial up to age 45.
Final Thoughts
HPV is extremely common, but prevention is possible. Vaccination, safe sex, and regular screenings are key to reducing risks. If you’re sexually active, talk to your doctor about HPV testing and vaccination.
Have questions? Drop them in the comments!
No comments:
Post a Comment